Distribution is the layer that carries electricity from the transmission network to the end user. It covers transformer substations, medium voltage lines, distribution substations, distribution transformers, low voltage lines and, at the end, metering.
The design question is always the same: how does the network behave when one element fails. Ring arrangements, bus couplers and correctly graded protection determine whether a fault takes out one street or one district.
Equipment here works outdoors, unattended, for decades. Enclosure quality, internal arc withstand and the earthing scheme matter more than headline ratings, because they are what keep the installation safe over its life.
Typical scope: concrete, sheet steel and prefabricated kiosk substations, medium voltage switchgear, distribution transformers, low voltage boards and the earthing systems that tie them together.
